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Located 170 miles northeast of Rome, Ancona doesn't show up in most tourist itineraries of Italy. However, it’s the capital of the Marche region and is one of the most important ports on Italy's Adriatic coast. As such, the history of this town goes back a long way.
The city was first founded by Greek settlers back in 387 BC. They used Ancona’s natural harbor as a trading post and manufactured a famous purple dye here. However, with the growing power of Rome reaching northward, Ancona became a Roman settlement around the 2nd century BC. Ancona's port grew in importance as the Roman Empire grew, and it became an important sea link to the province of Dalmatia, which is now Croatia.
Following the fall of the Roman Empire, Ancona became occupied by the Byzantines. By the medieval period, though, Ancona had become its own independent republic. It retained its independence until 1532, when it became part of the papal states.
In 1860, Ancona became part of the new Kingdom of Italy. During the First World War, the port was bombarded by Austro-Hungarian battleships. During the Second World War, the important port was captured by Polish forces and used to supply troops advancing through Italy.
Ancona still retains its importance as a commercial port. But in recent decades, it has opened up to tourism and is a regular stop for Adriatic cruise ships. Tourism and shipping remain the driving factors of the economy of the town. Some of the city’s main draws include the many historical sites from its past, artistic traces from the bygone era, and unique geographical landscapes.